Regarding Unintentional Blood Loss, Blood Tests & Blood Donations:
Shaikh ‘Uthaimeen (rahimahullaah) was asked:
Q: Does a large amount of blood loss lead to a fasting person having to break his fast?
A: A large amount of blood loss; if it leads to that which cupping would lead to by way of weakness of the body and its need for nourishment then its ruling is the same as the ruling of cupping. If however what has come out was not out of the choice of the person such as a man being wounded and so one loses a large amount of blood – then this does not harm, as it was not done so intentionally by the person.
Q: Is it permissible for the fasting person to have blood extracted in a hospital or in other than a hospital?
A: This is to be looked into; for if the blood which is extracted is a small amount – the like of which is extracted for examination and for analysis, then there is no harm in this and there is nothing wrong in that. If however it is a large amount which would affect (the fasting person) in the way that cupping affects; then what is correct is that it is impermissible for him to do that if he is fasting an obligatory fast as such a person is not allowed to eat. If it is a supererogatory (voluntary) one then there is no harm in this, as it is permissible for the person to break a fast which is supererogatory.
Q: What is the ruling on the fasting person giving blood for analysis or for donation?
A: Analysis of the fasting person meaning: to take a sample of his blood in order to make an observation of it and to make an examination of it is permissible and there is no harm in that. As for donating blood; then that which is apparent is that blood donations are done so with large amounts (of blood), they therefore take the ruling of cupping. Thus the fasting person is to be told: ‘fasting is obligatory so do not donate your blood except if a need arises for that’ – then there is no harm in this. An example is if the doctors were to say that a particular man who has been afflicted with hemorrhage/bleeding – if we do not give him a blood transfusion then he will die – and they find a fasting person who would donate his blood and the doctors state: it is a must that a blood donation be given to him now. In this instance there is no harm in the fasting person donating his blood and eating thereafter and so eating and drinking for the rest of his day – as he ate due to a necessity such as the like of the one who saves a person caught in a fire or a drowning person.
General Bleeding, Nosebleeds, Bleeding From Tooth Extraction & Dialysis:
Shaikh Bin Baaz (rahimahullaah) was asked:
Q: What are the circumstances which invalidate the fast due to blood leaving the body?
A: The fast is not nullified except due to cupping – in that which is correct, despite the strong difference (in opinion) regarding that. The majority (of the Scholars) hold that it is not invalidated – even through cupping, however that which is more favourable is that it is invalidated through cupping.[1]
Shaikh ‘Uthaimeen (rahimahullaah) was asked:
Q: Is the fast nullified due to a nosebleed and likewise due to bleeding from the removal of a wisdom tooth?
A: The fast is not nullified due to that coming out, as it happened unintentionally. If one’s nose was to bleed and so a large amount of blood comes out then his fast is correct and there is nothing upon him – likewise in the case of the removal of wisdom teeth. This is because he did not remove his wisdom tooth in order for blood to come out; rather he removed his wisdom tooth due to being bothered by it. Therefore he needs to remove this tooth, in most cases the blood which comes out from the wisdom tooth is a small amount of blood and so it would not take the same meaning as cupping.
Q: What is the ruling for the fasting person who bleeds from his nose or mouth or the rest of his body unintentionally?
A: That emission does not harm him, this is because it was done unintentionally from him, therefore if he has a nosebleed and a large amount of blood comes out then his fast is still correct.
Shaikh Bin Baaz (rahimahullaah) was asked:
Q: What is the ruling on changing (refining) the blood for the person who suffers from kidney problems whilst he is fasting? Is it an obligation upon him to make them up?
A: It is necessary for him to make them up due to that which he was enhanced with by way of fresh/refined blood (through dialysis). Then if another element (ingredient) was added along with that then this would be another factor for breaking the fast.
(Taken from: Majmoo’ Fataawa wa Rasaa-il Fadheelatu Shaikh Muhammad bin Saalih Al-‘Uthaimeen vol 19 p.249-255 & Majmoo’ Fatawa Shaikh Bin Baaz vol 15 p.272, 274.)
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[1] Due to the hadeeth of Thawbaan (radhiyallaahu ‘anhu) who said that the Prophet (Sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) said:
((The one who cups and the one who receives the cupping break their fast)).
Reported by Aboo Dawood (no.2367) and Ibn Maajah (no.1681) and At-Tirmidhee (no.774) and Ad-Daarimee (no.1737) and was declared Saheeh (authentic) by Shaikh Al-Albaanee in his Saheeh Sunan Abee Dawood (no.2367).
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